Bitumen and aggregate estimation aligned with VDOT specifications and SM-9.5/SM-12.5 Superpave mix design requirements.
VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications, Section 315 (Asphalt Concrete Pavement) and SM-9.5/SM-12.5 Superpave mix designs.
Humid subtropical to continental climate — mixes must handle hot summers and cold winters; PG 64-22 is the most common grade.
Asphalt in Virginia typically runs $130–$280/tonne depending on location and specification.
Enter dimensions to calculate
Typical values for common VDOT pavement mix designs.
| Mix Type | Bitumen Content (%) | Density (kg/m³) | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| SM-9.5 Superpave | 5.5–7.0 | 2290–2370 | VDOT Section 315 |
| SM-12.5 Superpave | 5.0–6.5 | 2300–2380 | VDOT |
| BM-25 Base Mix | 4.0–5.5 | 2310–2390 | VDOT base course |
| OGFC | 5.5–7.0 | 1900–2100 | VDOT noise-reducing |
VDOT projects typically work in imperial units (feet, inches, tons). This calculator handles both imperial and metric inputs, converting internally to produce accurate tonnage results.
Convert thickness from inches to feet (÷ 12), then multiply all three dimensions. Example: A 300 ft Virginia secondary road, 24 ft wide, with 1.5-inch SM-9.5A surface course: 300 × 24 × (1.5 ÷ 12) = 900 ft³.
Multiply volume by VDOT standard density (110 lb/ft³) and divide by 2,000 to get short tons. 900 × 110 ÷ 2,000 = 49.5 short tons of SM-9.5A mix. Add 5% waste allowance = order approximately 52 tons.
Apply the VDOT mix design binder content. At 5.7% binder: 49.5 × 0.057 = 2.8 tons bitumen and 49.5 × 0.943 = 46.7 tons aggregate. High-traffic SM-9.5D mixes use polymer-modified PG 70-22 binder at slightly higher cost.
VDOT uses a standard density of 110 lb/ft³ (≈ 1,762 kg/m³) for quantity estimation, but actual in-place density depends on aggregate source and mix design. Northern Virginia projects on high-traffic routes typically require SM-9.5D (polymer-modified) with PG 70-22 binder. Always consult your VDOT-approved mix design JMF (Job Mix Formula) for final quantity calculations.
From I-95 corridor resurfacing to residential subdivision paving, Virginia contractors and engineers rely on VDOT-compliant tonnage estimates for accurate project budgeting and compliance.
VDOT district engineers and their consultant teams calculate SM-9.5A or SM-12.5A tonnage for annual resurfacing programmes on primary routes and interstates. Quantity estimates feed into SYIP (Six-Year Improvement Program) budgets and IFB bid documents, with SM-9.5D and SMA-12.5 specified for high-stress interstate sections requiring rutting resistance.
Related: Asphalt Tonnage Calculator
Virginia homeowners and HOA managers estimate asphalt tonnage for driveway installation and private road overlays. A typical 2-inch SM-9.5A surface over a 4-inch BM-25 base course requires separate calculations for each layer. Use the Cost Calculator with current Virginia supplier pricing ($90–$175/ton) to build accurate project budgets.
Related: Asphalt Cost Calculator
Commercial developers and property managers in the NoVA/DC corridor use SM-12.5A calculations for parking lot construction and mill-and-fill projects. Heavy-use commercial sites often require a 3-inch surface course over 6-inch BM-25 base, with tack coat applied between layers. Estimate tack coat requirements separately using the Tack Coat Calculator.
Related: Tack Coat Calculator
Input the length, width, and compacted thickness of your asphalt layer. VDOT SM-9.5A (surface mix) is typically placed at 1.5 inches; SM-12.5A at 2 inches. Residential driveways in Virginia commonly use a 2-inch surface over a 4-inch base course.
Choose the appropriate Virginia DOT Superpave mix — SM-9.5A or SM-12.5A for surface courses, IM-19.0A for intermediate, or BM-25.0A for base course. Virginia's humid subtropical climate requires PG 64-22 binder for most of the state, with PG 70-22 on high-traffic interstate corridors.
Enter the current asphalt price per ton in USD (Virginia rates typically run $90–$175 per ton). Click Calculate for total tonnage, materials breakdown, and cost estimate. VDOT projects typically add 5% for waste and compaction tolerances.
Virginia DOT uses Superpave mix design under their Road and Bridge Specifications. Surface mixes include SM-9.5A, SM-9.5D (polymer-modified for high-traffic), SM-12.5A, and SMA-12.5 (stone matrix asphalt for interstates). Intermediate and base courses use IM-19.0A and BM-25.0A respectively. The "A" suffix indicates standard traffic levels; "D" denotes high-traffic polymer-modified mixes.
Virginia asphalt paving costs approximately $90–$175 per ton for materials. Installed cost for a residential driveway runs $3–$7 per square foot. Northern Virginia (NoVA) and the DC metro area carry higher labor costs than Southwest or Shenandoah Valley regions. Commercial projects and large parking lots typically get better rates due to volume.
VDOT uses a standard compacted density of 110 pounds per cubic foot (approximately 1762 kg/m³) as a default for Superpave surface mixes in their quantity calculations. However, actual density depends on aggregate type and gradation — Virginia crushed limestone aggregates produce mixes around 2300–2380 kg/m³. Always use laboratory-verified values for final quantity estimates.
Both are VDOT Superpave surface mixes with a 9.5 mm nominal maximum aggregate size, but they differ in traffic level and binder specification. SM-9.5A uses a standard PG 64-22 binder and is designed for medium-traffic roads (≤ 10 million ESALs) — suitable for residential streets, secondary routes, and most collector roads. SM-9.5D uses a polymer-modified PG 70-22 binder for high-traffic roads (> 10 million ESALs), including primary routes, urban arterials, and interstate ramps. SM-9.5D provides significantly improved rutting resistance under heavy truck loads and is mandatory on Northern Virginia primary routes and I-95/I-81 corridors. The "D" mix carries a cost premium of approximately 15–25% over standard "A" mixes.
For a typical Virginia residential driveway (40 ft × 12 ft = 480 sq ft) with a standard 2-inch SM-9.5A surface course: 480 × (2/12) × 110 ÷ 2,000 = 4.4 short tons. With 5% waste allowance, order approximately 4.6 tons. If you're also installing a 4-inch BM-25 base course on the same driveway, add: 480 × (4/12) × 110 ÷ 2,000 = 8.8 tons base. Total project material = roughly 13.4 tons combined. Use the Square Feet Calculator for quick area-based estimates.
A typical VDOT secondary road (State Secondary System, low-to-medium traffic) uses a flexible pavement structure consisting of: 1.5 inches SM-9.5A surface course + 2 inches IM-19.0A intermediate course + 4 inches BM-25.0A base course, over an aggregate base (21-A or 21-B stone) of 6–10 inches. Total asphalt thickness is typically 7.5 inches. Tack coat is applied between all asphalt layers at 0.05–0.10 gal/sq yd. Heavy-traffic primary routes may add a second intermediate layer. Always confirm with VDOT Pavement Design Guide for the specific traffic class and subgrade conditions.
Virginia's climate spans from the hot, humid Tidewater coast to the cold Appalachian mountain region, so binder grades vary by location. The most common grade is PG 64-22, covering most of central and northern Virginia for standard traffic. High-traffic primary routes require PG 70-22 (polymer-modified) for rutting resistance. Western mountain counties (Shenandoah Valley, Blue Ridge) may require PG 64-28 for improved cold-temperature flexibility. Coastal and Tidewater areas generally stay with PG 64-22. VDOT publishes a binder grade selection map in its Pavement Design Guide — always verify the applicable grade for your project location with your VDOT district materials office.